{"id":51825,"date":"2025-04-25T21:53:45","date_gmt":"2025-04-26T01:53:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hancockhealth.org\/mayo-health-library\/hypereosinophilic-syndrome\/"},"modified":"2026-02-04T12:01:24","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T17:01:24","slug":"hypereosinophilic-syndrome","status":"publish","type":"mayo","link":"https:\/\/www.hancockhealth.org\/zh\/mayo-health-library\/hypereosinophilic-syndrome\/","title":{"rendered":"Hypereosinophilic syndrome"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"container mx-auto   wordpress-block wordpress- core-\">\n<p>Hypereosinophilic syndrome is organ damage or dysfunction caused by an excess of disease-fighting white blood cells called eosinophils.<\/p>\n<p>Hypereosinophilic syndrome (hy-per-ee-o-SIN-o-phil-ik) is rare. It can affect any tissues in the body. Common targets include the skin, lungs, digestive tract, heart and nervous system.<\/p>\n<p>If a condition is found to cause hypereosinophilic syndrome, then treating the underlying condition also may lower eosinophil levels. Other treatments include medicines that reduce the number of eosinophils in the bloodstream.<\/p>\n<p>Symptoms of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) vary depending on what organs are affected. Early symptoms of HES may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fatigue.<\/li>\n<li>Cough.<\/li>\n<li>Shortness of breath.<\/li>\n<li>Muscle pain.<\/li>\n<li>Swelling in deep layers of the skin.<\/li>\n<li>Rash.<\/li>\n<li>Fever.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>When to see a doctor<\/h3>\n<p>Many different conditions can cause the symptoms related to HES. See your healthcare professional as soon as possible if symptoms do not improve.<\/p>\n<p>Eosinophils are important in fighting parasites and bacteria. They also regulate other immune system cells and proteins that cause allergic reactions.<\/p>\n<p>HES occurs when high levels of these white blood cells last a long time. The cells themselves or their byproducts can move into organs, where they can cause damage or dysfunction.<\/p>\n<h3>Terms to know<\/h3>\n<p>You may hear the following terms regarding HES.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Eosinophilia<\/strong> is a higher than typical number of eosinophils circulating in the bloodstream.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hypereosinophilia<\/strong> is a high number of eosinophils that lasts for an extended period, usually at least one month.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hypereosinophilia syndrome<\/strong> is organ damage or destruction caused by long-term high eosinophils.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Types of hypereosinophilia<\/h3>\n<p>Persistent increases in these white blood cells may be caused by a number of factors. General categories of hypereosinophilia based on cause include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Primary hypereosinophilia<\/strong> is caused by cancers of the bone marrow or blood that directly increase the production of eosinophils.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Secondary hypereosinophilia,<\/strong> also called reactive hypereosinophilia, is caused by conditions that typically activate white blood cells, such as:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>Parasitic or bacterial infections.<\/li>\n<li>Allergies.<\/li>\n<li>Immune system disorders.<\/li>\n<li>Long-lasting inflammatory diseases.<\/li>\n<li>Drug reactions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><strong>Familial hypereosinophilia<\/strong> is an inherited disorder.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Idiopathic hypereosinophilia<\/strong> has no cause that can be found. Most cases are idiopathic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>HES can affect anyone, but it occurs more often in men.<\/p>\n<p>A diagnosis of is HES is based on persistent high levels of eosinophils and evidence of organ damage. Diagnostic tests are used to determine what has caused an increase of eosinophils and whether any tissues have been affected.<\/p>\n<p>Your healthcare professional will ask a number of questions about symptoms, family medical history, medicines and possible exposure to disease.<\/p>\n<h3>Tests to determine cause<\/h3>\n<p>Your healthcare professional orders tests to determine the cause of increased eosinophils. These may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Blood tests<\/strong> to detect autoimmune conditions, infections, or evidence of blood-related cancers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Allergy tests<\/strong> to detect environmental or food allergies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stool tests<\/strong> to detect parasitic infections such as hookworm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Genetic test<\/strong> to check for rare gene mutations that can cause HES.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bone marrow samples<\/strong> to detect possible cancers or other diseases of the bone marrow.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Tests to assess organ damage<\/h3>\n<p>Other tests are used to find out whether organs have been affected by high eosinophils. These may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Blood tests<\/strong> to check liver and kidney function.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Imaging tests<\/strong> to study the appearance and function of organs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Echocardiogram<\/strong> to check heart function.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lung function tests<\/strong> to measure how well you breathe in and out.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tissue samples<\/strong> of organs that check for the presence of eosinophils or evidence of tissue damage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Treatment goals are to reduce eosinophil levels, lessen symptoms and prevent further damage to organs.<\/p>\n<p>If an underlying cause is found, treatment for that condition also begins.<\/p>\n<h3>Medicines<\/h3>\n<p>The first line of treatment is usually a corticosteroid to lower the number of eosinophils circulating in the bloodstream.<\/p>\n<p>Other medicines may be used depending on the cause of increased eosinophils or the response to corticosteroid treatment. They include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hydroxyurea (Droxia, Hydrea, others).<\/li>\n<li>Imatinib (Gleevec).<\/li>\n<li>Mepolizumab (Nucala).<\/li>\n<li>Vincristine PFS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Because HES can increase your risk of blood clots, you also may be prescribed blood-thinning medications such as warfarin (Coumadin).<\/p>\n<p>You&#8217;ll likely begin with an appointment with your primary healthcare professional. Depending on the results of early tests and symptoms, you may need an appointment with specialists in multiple fields. The healthcare team may include a specialist in the following fields:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Allergies, called an allergist.<\/li>\n<li>Blood disorders, called a hematologist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Consider taking a relative or friend along to your appointments to help remember all the information provided.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s some information to help you get ready for an appointment, and what to expect from your healthcare professionals.<\/p>\n<h3>What you can do<\/h3>\n<p>Before your appointment, make a list of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5fb5\u5146\u548c\u75c7\u72c0<\/strong>, including any that seem unrelated to the reason for the appointment.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Any medications,<\/strong> including vitamins, herbs and over-the-counter medicines; the dosages for each; and reasons for taking them.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Key personal information,<\/strong> including any major stresses or recent changes in your life.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If HES is considered or you have a diagnosis of HES, you might ask these questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Will I need additional tests?<\/li>\n<li>\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6848\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>What are the benefits and risks of each treatment?<\/li>\n<li>Should I see additional specialists?<\/li>\n<li>What tests or appointments are the highest priority?<\/li>\n<li>Are there brochures or other printed material that I can have? What websites do you recommend?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>What to expect from your doctor<\/h3>\n<p>The healthcare professional is likely to ask you several questions. Be ready to answer them to allow time later to cover other points you want to address. Examples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When did you first begin experiencing symptoms?<\/li>\n<li>Are the symptoms continuous or occasional?<\/li>\n<li>How severe are the symptoms?<\/li>\n<li>What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms?<\/li>\n<li>What, if anything, appears to worsen the symptoms?<\/li>\n<li>Do you have any allergies or skin conditions?<\/li>\n<li>Have you been exposed to any parasites such as hookworm?<\/li>\n<li>Have you traveled out of the country lately?<\/li>\n<li>Have you recently started a new medicine?<\/li>\n<li>Does anyone in your family have a history of HES?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a disorder of certain white blood cells that can cause life-threatening damage to your organs.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","tags":[1686,1685,1682],"class_list":["post-51825","mayo","type-mayo","status-publish","hentry","tag-anatomical-structure","tag-condition","tag-person-group-concept","content_type-diseases-conditions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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