{"id":51888,"date":"2025-04-25T21:54:13","date_gmt":"2025-04-26T01:54:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hancockhealth.org\/mayo-health-library\/hepatitis-a\/"},"modified":"2026-02-04T12:01:52","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T17:01:52","slug":"hepatitis-a","status":"publish","type":"mayo","link":"https:\/\/www.hancockhealth.org\/ja\/mayo-health-library\/hepatitis-a\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u578b\u809d\u708e"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"container mx-auto   wordpress-block wordpress- core-\">\n<p>Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus. The virus is one of several types of hepatitis viruses that cause liver inflammation and affect your liver&#8217;s ability to function.<\/p>\n<p>You&#8217;re most likely to get hepatitis A from contaminated food or water or from close contact with a person or object that&#8217;s infected. Mild cases of hepatitis A don&#8217;t require treatment. Most people who are infected recover completely with no permanent liver damage.<\/p>\n<p>Practicing good hygiene, including washing hands frequently, can prevent the spread of the virus. The hepatitis A vaccine can protect against hepatitis A.<\/p>\n<p>Hepatitis A symptoms typically appear a few weeks after you&#8217;ve had the virus. But not everyone with hepatitis A develops symptoms. If you do, symptoms can include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Unusual tiredness and weakness<\/li>\n<li>Sudden nausea and vomiting and diarrhea<\/li>\n<li>Abdominal pain or discomfort, especially on the upper right side beneath your lower ribs, which is over your liver<\/li>\n<li>Clay- or gray-colored stool<\/li>\n<li>Loss of appetite<\/li>\n<li>Low-grade fever<\/li>\n<li>Dark urine<\/li>\n<li>Joint pain<\/li>\n<li>Yellowing of the skin and the whites of your eyes (jaundice)<\/li>\n<li>Intense itching<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These symptoms may be relatively mild and go away in a few weeks. Sometimes, however, hepatitis A results in a severe illness that lasts several months.<\/p>\n<h3>When to see a doctor<\/h3>\n<p>Make an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of hepatitis A.<\/p>\n<p>Getting the hepatitis A vaccine or an injection of an antibody called immunoglobulin within two weeks of exposure to the hepatitis A virus may protect you from infection.<\/p>\n<p>Ask your health care provider or your local health department about receiving the hepatitis A vaccine if:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You traveled recently to areas where the virus is common, particularly Mexico, Central America and South America or to areas with poor sanitation<\/li>\n<li>You ate at a restaurant with a hepatitis A outbreak<\/li>\n<li>You live with someone who has hepatitis A<\/li>\n<li>You recently had sexual contact with someone who has hepatitis A<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hepatitis A is caused by a virus that infects liver cells and causes inflammation. The inflammation can affect how your liver works and cause other symptoms of hepatitis A.<\/p>\n<p>The virus spreads when infected stool, even just tiny amounts, enters the mouth of another person (fecal-oral transmission). You may get hepatitis A when you eat or drink something contaminated with infected stool. You may also get the infection through close contact with a person who has hepatitis A. The virus can live on surfaces for a few months. The virus does not spread through casual contact or by sneezing or coughing.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some of the specific ways the hepatitis A virus can spread:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Eating food handled by someone with the virus who doesn&#8217;t thoroughly wash hands after using the toilet<\/li>\n<li>Drinking contaminated water<\/li>\n<li>Eating food washed in contaminated water<\/li>\n<li>Eating raw shellfish from water polluted with sewage<\/li>\n<li>Being in close contact with a person who has the virus &mdash; even if that person has no symptoms<\/li>\n<li>Having sexual contact with someone who has the virus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You&#8217;re at increased risk of hepatitis A if you:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Travel or work in areas of the world where hepatitis A is common<\/li>\n<li>Live with another person who has hepatitis A<\/li>\n<li>Are a man who has sexual contact with other men<\/li>\n<li>Have any type of sexual contact with someone who has hepatitis A<\/li>\n<li>Are <abbr title=\"human immunodeficiency virus\">HIV<\/abbr> positive<\/li>\n<li>Are homeless<\/li>\n<li>Use any type of recreational drugs, not just those that are injected<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Unlike other types of viral hepatitis, hepatitis A does not cause long-term liver damage, and it doesn&#8217;t become an ongoing (chronic) infection.<\/p>\n<p>In rare cases, hepatitis A can cause a sudden (acute) loss of liver function, especially in older adults or people with chronic liver diseases. Acute liver failure requires a stay in the hospital for monitoring and treatment. Some people with acute liver failure may need a liver transplant.<\/p>\n<p>The hepatitis A vaccine can prevent infection with the virus. The vaccine is typically given in two shots. The first shot is followed by a booster shot six months later. The hepatitis A vaccine can be given in a combination that includes the hepatitis B vaccine. This vaccine combination is given in three shots over six months.<\/p>\n<p>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the hepatitis A vaccine for the following people:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>All children at age 1 year, or older children who didn&#8217;t receive the childhood vaccine<\/li>\n<li>Anyone age 1 year or older who is homeless<\/li>\n<li>Infants ages 6 to 11 months traveling to parts of the world where hepatitis A is common<\/li>\n<li>Family and caregivers of adoptees from countries where hepatitis A is common<\/li>\n<li>People in direct contact with others who have hepatitis A<\/li>\n<li>Laboratory workers who may come into contact with hepatitis A<\/li>\n<li>Men who have sex with men<\/li>\n<li>People who work or travel in parts of the world where hepatitis A is common<\/li>\n<li>People who use any type of recreational drugs, not just injected ones<\/li>\n<li>People with chronic liver disease, including hepatitis B or hepatitis C<\/li>\n<li>Anyone wishing to obtain protection (immunity)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you&#8217;re concerned about your risk of hepatitis A, ask your health care provider if you should be vaccinated.<\/p>\n<h3>Follow safety precautions when traveling<\/h3>\n<p>If you&#8217;re traveling to parts of the world where hepatitis A outbreaks occur, take these steps to prevent infection:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Wash all fresh fruits and vegetables in bottled water and peel them yourself. Avoid pre-cut fruit and vegetables.<\/li>\n<li>Don&#8217;t eat raw or undercooked meat and fish.<\/li>\n<li>Drink bottled water and use it when brushing your teeth.<\/li>\n<li>Avoid all beverages of unknown purity. The same goes for ice.<\/li>\n<li>If bottled water isn&#8217;t available, boil tap water before drinking it or using it to make ice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Practice good hygiene<\/h3>\n<p>Thoroughly wash your hands often, especially after using the toilet or changing a diaper and before preparing food or eating.<\/p>\n<p>Blood tests are used to look for signs of the hepatitis A virus in your body. A sample of blood is taken, usually from a vein in your arm. It&#8217;s sent to a laboratory for testing.<\/p>\n<p>No specific treatment exists for hepatitis A. Your body will clear the hepatitis A virus on its own. In most cases of hepatitis A, the liver heals within six months with no lasting damage.<\/p>\n<p>Hepatitis A treatment usually focuses on keeping comfortable and controlling symptoms. You may need to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4f11\u3080\u3002<\/strong> Many people with hepatitis A feel tired and sick and have less energy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Get adequate food and liquid.<\/strong> Eat a balanced healthy diet. Nausea can make it difficult to eat. Try snacking throughout the day rather than eating full meals. To get enough calories, eat more high-calorie foods. For instance, drink fruit juice or milk rather than water. Drinking plenty of fluids is important to prevent dehydration, especially if vomiting or diarrhea occurs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Avoid alcohol and use medications with care.<\/strong> Your liver may have difficulty processing medications and alcohol. If you have hepatitis, don&#8217;t drink alcohol. It can cause liver damage. Talk to your health care provider about all the medications you take, including medications available without a prescription.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you have hepatitis A, you can take steps to reduce the risk of passing the virus to others.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Avoid sexual activity.<\/strong> Avoid all sexual activity if you have hepatitis A. Many kinds of sexual activity can spread the infection to your partner. Condoms don&#8217;t offer adequate protection.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Wash your hands thoroughly after using the toilet and changing diapers.<\/strong> Scrub vigorously for at least 20 seconds and rinse well. Dry your hands with a disposable towel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Don&#8217;t prepare food for others while you&#8217;re actively infected.<\/strong> You can easily pass the infection to others.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If someone close to you is diagnosed with hepatitis A, ask your health care provider or local health department if you should have the hepatitis A vaccine to prevent infection.<\/p>\n<p>If you have symptoms of hepatitis A, make an appointment with your health care provider.<\/p>\n<h3>What you can do<\/h3>\n<p>Because appointments can be brief and there&#8217;s often a lot of information to cover, it&#8217;s a good idea to be prepared.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Be aware of pre-appointment restrictions.<\/strong> When you make the appointment, find out if there&#8217;s anything you need to do in advance, such as change your diet.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Make a list of your symptoms.<\/strong> Include those that seem unrelated to the reason for your appointment.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Make a list of key personal information,<\/strong> including major stresses or recent life changes and recent travel or possible exposure to hepatitis A.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Make a list of all medications,<\/strong> vitamins, herbs and other supplements you take, and the dosages.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Consider taking a family member or friend along.<\/strong> Someone who accompanies you may remember something that you missed or forgot.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prepare a list of questions<\/strong> to ask your health care provider.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For hepatitis A, some basic questions to ask are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is likely causing my symptoms or condition?<\/li>\n<li>Other than the most likely cause, what are other possible causes for my symptoms or condition?<\/li>\n<li>If I have hepatitis A, what can I do to keep from infecting others?<\/li>\n<li>Should people close to me receive the hepatitis A vaccine?<\/li>\n<li>Can I continue to work or go to school while I have hepatitis A?<\/li>\n<li>What are the signs and symptoms of serious hepatitis A complications?<\/li>\n<li>How will I know when I can no longer spread hepatitis A to others?<\/li>\n<li>Are there brochures or other printed material I can have? What websites do you recommend?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Don&#8217;t hesitate to ask other questions you have.<\/p>\n<h3>What to expect from your doctor<\/h3>\n<p>Your health care provider is likely to ask you a number of questions, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Have you recently traveled or been exposed to someone with hepatitis A?<\/li>\n<li>When did your symptoms begin?<\/li>\n<li>Do you have symptoms all the time, or do they come and go?<\/li>\n<li>How severe are your symptoms?<\/li>\n<li>What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms?<\/li>\n<li>What, if anything, appears to make your symptoms worse?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Preparing and anticipating questions will help you make the most of your appointment.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This contagious liver infection is caused by a virus. Learn more about its symptoms, treatment and prevention, including the hepatitis A vaccine.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","tags":[1686,1685,1682],"class_list":["post-51888","mayo","type-mayo","status-publish","hentry","tag-anatomical-structure","tag-condition","tag-person-group-concept","content_type-diseases-conditions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hepatitis A - Hancock Health<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hancockhealth.org\/ja\/mayo-health-library\/hepatitis-a\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ja_JP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hepatitis A - Hancock Health\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This contagious liver infection is caused by a virus. 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