{"id":51333,"date":"2025-04-25T21:49:54","date_gmt":"2025-04-26T01:49:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hancockhealth.org\/mayo-health-library\/adult-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd\/"},"modified":"2026-02-04T11:57:45","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T16:57:45","slug":"adult-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd","status":"publish","type":"mayo","link":"https:\/\/www.hancockhealth.org\/ja\/mayo-health-library\/adult-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd\/","title":{"rendered":"Adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"container mx-auto   wordpress-block wordpress- core-\">\n<p>Adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health disorder that includes a combination of persistent problems, such as difficulty paying attention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. Adult <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> can lead to unstable relationships, poor work or school performance, low self-esteem, and other problems.<\/p>\n<p>Though it&#8217;s called adult <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>, symptoms start in early childhood and continue into adulthood. In some cases, <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> is not recognized or diagnosed until the person is an adult. Adult <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> symptoms may not be as clear as <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> symptoms in children. In adults, hyperactivity may decrease, but struggles with impulsiveness, restlessness and difficulty paying attention may continue.<\/p>\n<p>Treatment for adult <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> is similar to treatment for childhood <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>. Adult <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> treatment includes medications, psychological counseling (psychotherapy) and treatment for any mental health conditions that occur along with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>.<\/p>\n<p>Some people with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> have fewer symptoms as they age, but some adults continue to have major symptoms that interfere with daily functioning. In adults, the main features of <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> may include difficulty paying attention, impulsiveness and restlessness. Symptoms can range from mild to severe.<\/p>\n<p>Many adults with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> aren&#8217;t aware they have it &mdash; they just know that everyday tasks can be a challenge. Adults with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> may find it difficult to focus and prioritize, leading to missed deadlines and forgotten meetings or social plans. The inability to control impulses can range from impatience waiting in line or driving in traffic to mood swings and outbursts of anger.<\/p>\n<p>Adult <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> symptoms may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Impulsiveness<\/li>\n<li>Disorganization and problems prioritizing<\/li>\n<li>Poor time management skills<\/li>\n<li>Problems focusing on a task<\/li>\n<li>Trouble multitasking<\/li>\n<li>Excessive activity or restlessness<\/li>\n<li>Poor planning<\/li>\n<li>Low frustration tolerance<\/li>\n<li>Frequent mood swings<\/li>\n<li>Problems following through and completing tasks<\/li>\n<li>Hot temper<\/li>\n<li>Trouble coping with stress<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>What&#8217;s typical behavior and what&#8217;s ADHD?<\/h3>\n<p>Almost everyone has some symptoms similar to <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> at some point in their lives. If your difficulties are recent or occurred only occasionally in the past, you probably don&#8217;t have <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>. <abbr title=\"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> is diagnosed only when symptoms are severe enough to cause ongoing problems in more than one area of your life. These persistent and disruptive symptoms can be traced back to early childhood.<\/p>\n<p>Diagnosis of <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> in adults can be difficult because certain <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> symptoms are similar to those caused by other conditions, such as anxiety or mood disorders. And many adults with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> also have at least one other mental health condition, such as depression or anxiety.<\/p>\n<h3>When to see a doctor<\/h3>\n<p>If any of the symptoms listed above continually disrupt your life, talk to your doctor about whether you might have <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>.<\/p>\n<p>Different types of health care professionals may diagnose and supervise treatment for <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>. Seek a provider who has training and experience in caring for adults with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>.<\/p>\n<p>While the exact cause of <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> is not clear, research efforts continue. Factors that may be involved in the development of <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Genetics.<\/strong> <abbr title=\"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> can run in families, and studies indicate that genes may play a role.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Environment.<\/strong> Certain environmental factors also may increase risk, such as lead exposure as a child.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Problems during development.<\/strong> Problems with the central nervous system at key moments in development may play a role.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Risk of <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> may increase if:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You have blood relatives, such as a parent or sibling, with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> or another mental health disorder<\/li>\n<li>Your mother smoked, drank alcohol or used drugs during pregnancy<\/li>\n<li>As a child, you were exposed to environmental toxins &mdash; such as lead, found mainly in paint and pipes in older buildings<\/li>\n<li>You were born prematurely<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><abbr title=\"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> can make life difficult for you. <abbr title=\"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> has been linked to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Poor school or work performance<\/li>\n<li>Unemployment<\/li>\n<li>Financial problems<\/li>\n<li>Trouble with the law<\/li>\n<li>Alcohol or other substance misuse<\/li>\n<li>Frequent car accidents or other accidents<\/li>\n<li>Unstable relationships<\/li>\n<li>Poor physical and mental health<\/li>\n<li>Poor self-image<\/li>\n<li>Suicide attempts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Coexisting conditions<\/h3>\n<p>\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082 <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> doesn&#8217;t cause other psychological or developmental problems, other disorders often occur along with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> and make treatment more challenging. These include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mood disorders.<\/strong> Many adults with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> also have depression, bipolar disorder or another mood disorder. While mood problems aren&#8217;t necessarily due directly to <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>, a repeated pattern of failures and frustrations due to <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> can worsen depression.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anxiety disorders.<\/strong> Anxiety disorders occur fairly often in adults with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>. Anxiety disorders may cause overwhelming worry, nervousness and other symptoms. Anxiety can be made worse by the challenges and setbacks caused by <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Other psychiatric disorders.<\/strong> Adults with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> are at increased risk of other psychiatric disorders, such as personality disorders, intermittent explosive disorder and substance use disorders.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Learning disabilities.<\/strong> Adults with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> may score lower on academic testing than would be expected for their age, intelligence and education. Learning disabilities can include problems with understanding and communicating.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Signs and symptoms of <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> in adults can be hard to spot. However, core symptoms start early in life &mdash; before age 12 &mdash; and continue into adulthood, creating major problems.<\/p>\n<p>No single test can confirm the diagnosis. Making the diagnosis will likely include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Physical exam,<\/strong> to help rule out other possible causes for your symptoms<\/li>\n<li><strong>Information gathering,<\/strong> such as asking you questions about any current medical issues, personal and family medical history, and the history of your symptoms<\/li>\n<li><strong><abbr title=\"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> rating scales or psychological tests<\/strong> to help collect and evaluate information about your symptoms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Other conditions that resemble <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr><\/h3>\n<p>Some medical conditions or treatments may cause signs and symptoms similar to those of <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>. Examples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mental health disorders,<\/strong> such as depression, anxiety, conduct disorders, learning and language deficits, or other psychiatric disorders<\/li>\n<li><strong>Medical problems that can affect thinking or behavior,<\/strong> such as a developmental disorder, seizure disorder, thyroid problems, sleep disorders, brain injury or low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Drugs and medications,<\/strong> such as alcohol or other substance misuse and certain medications<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Standard treatments for <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> in adults typically involve medication, education, skills training and psychological counseling. A combination of these is often the most effective treatment. These treatments can help manage many symptoms of <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>, but they don&#8217;t cure it. It may take some time to determine what works best for you.<\/p>\n<h3>Medications<\/h3>\n<p>Talk with your doctor about the benefits and risks of any medications.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Stimulants,<\/strong> such as products that include methylphenidate or amphetamine, are typically the most commonly prescribed medications for <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>, but other medications may be prescribed. Stimulants appear to boost and balance levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Other medications<\/strong> used to treat <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> include the nonstimulant atomoxetine and certain antidepressants such as bupropion. Atomoxetine and antidepressants work slower than stimulants do, but these may be good options if you can&#8217;t take stimulants because of health problems or if stimulants cause severe side effects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The right medication and the right dose vary among individuals, so it may take time to find out what&#8217;s right for you. Tell your doctor about any side effects.<\/p>\n<h3>Psychological counseling<\/h3>\n<p>Counseling for adult <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> generally includes psychological counseling (psychotherapy), education about the disorder and learning skills to help you be successful.<\/p>\n<p>Psychotherapy may help you:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improve your time management and organizational skills<\/li>\n<li>Learn how to reduce your impulsive behavior<\/li>\n<li>Develop better problem-solving skills<\/li>\n<li>Cope with past academic, work or social failures<\/li>\n<li>Improve your self-esteem<\/li>\n<li>Learn ways to improve relationships with your family, co-workers and friends<\/li>\n<li>Develop strategies for controlling your temper<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Common types of psychotherapy for <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cognitive behavioral therapy.<\/strong> This structured type of counseling teaches specific skills to manage your behavior and change negative thinking patterns into positive ones. It can help you deal with life challenges, such as school, work or relationship problems, and help address other mental health conditions, such as depression or substance misuse.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Marital counseling and family therapy.<\/strong> This type of therapy can help loved ones cope with the stress of living with someone who has <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> and learn what they can do to help. Such counseling can improve communication and problem-solving skills.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Working on relationships<\/h3>\n<p>If you&#8217;re like many adults with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>, you may be unpredictable and forget appointments, miss deadlines, and make impulsive or irrational decisions. These behaviors can strain the patience of the most forgiving co-worker, friend or partner.<\/p>\n<p>Therapy that focuses on these issues and ways to better monitor your behavior can be very helpful. So can classes to improve communication and develop conflict resolution and problem-solving skills. Couples therapy and classes in which family members learn more about <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> may significantly improve your relationships.<\/p>\n<p>Because <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> is a complex disorder and each person is unique, it&#8217;s hard to make recommendations for all adults who have <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>. But some of these suggestions may help:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Make a list of tasks<\/strong> to accomplish each day. Prioritize the items. Make sure you&#8217;re not trying to do too much.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Break down tasks<\/strong> into smaller, more manageable steps. Consider using checklists.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use sticky pads<\/strong> to write notes to yourself. Put them on the fridge, on the bathroom mirror, in the car or in other places where you&#8217;ll see the reminders.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Keep an appointment book<\/strong> or electronic calendar to track appointments and deadlines.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Carry a notebook or electronic device with you<\/strong> so that you can note ideas or things you&#8217;ll need to remember.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Take time to set up systems to file and organize information,<\/strong> both on your electronic devices and for paper documents. Get in the habit of using these systems consistently.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Follow a routine<\/strong> that&#8217;s consistent from day to day and keep items, such as your keys and your wallet, in the same place.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u52a9\u3051\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b<\/strong> from family members or other loved ones.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There&#8217;s little research to indicate that alternative medicine treatments can reduce <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> symptoms. However, studies indicate that mindfulness meditation may help improve mood and attention in adults who have <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>, as well as those who don&#8217;t have <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>.<\/p>\n<p>Before using alternative interventions for <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>, talk with your doctor about risks and possible benefits.<\/p>\n<p>While treatment can make a big difference with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>, taking other steps can help you understand <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> and learn to manage it. Some resources that may help you are listed below. Ask your health care team for more advice on resources.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Support groups.<\/strong> Support groups allow you to meet other people with <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> so that you can share experiences, information and coping strategies. These groups are available in person in many communities and also online.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Social support.<\/strong> Involve your spouse, close relatives and friends in your <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> treatment. You may feel reluctant to let people know you have <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>, but letting others know what&#8217;s going on can help them understand you better and improve your relationships.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co-workers, supervisors and teachers.<\/strong> <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr> can make work and school a challenge. You may feel embarrassed telling your boss or professor that you have <abbr title=\"attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\">ADHD<\/abbr>, but most likely he or she will be willing to make small accommodations to help you succeed. Ask for what you need to improve your performance, such as more in-depth explanations or more time on certain tasks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You&#8217;re likely to start by first talking to your primary care provider. Depending on the results of the initial evaluation, he or she may refer you to a specialist, such as a psychologist, psychiatrist or other mental health professional.<\/p>\n<h3>What you can do<\/h3>\n<p>To prepare for your appointment, make a list of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Any symptoms you&#8217;ve had and problems they&#8217;ve caused,<\/strong> such as trouble at work, at school or in relationships.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Key personal information,<\/strong> including any major stresses or recent life changes you&#8217;ve had.<\/li>\n<li><strong>All medications you take,<\/strong> including any vitamins, herbs or supplements, and the dosages. Also include the amount of caffeine and alcohol you use, and whether you use recreational drugs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Questions to ask<\/strong> \u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u533b\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bring any past evaluations and results of formal testing with you, if you have them.<\/p>\n<p>Basic questions to ask your doctor include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What are the possible causes of my symptoms?<\/li>\n<li>What kinds of tests do I need?<\/li>\n<li>What treatments are available and which do you recommend?<\/li>\n<li>What are the alternatives to the primary approach that you&#8217;re suggesting?<\/li>\n<li>I have these other health problems. How can I best manage these conditions together?<\/li>\n<li>Should I see a specialist such as a psychiatrist or psychologist?<\/li>\n<li>Is there a generic alternative to the medicine you&#8217;re prescribing?<\/li>\n<li>What types of side effects can I expect from the medication?<\/li>\n<li>Are there any printed materials that I can have? What websites do you recommend?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Don&#8217;t hesitate to ask questions anytime you don&#8217;t understand something.<\/p>\n<h3>What to expect from your doctor<\/h3>\n<p>Be ready to answer questions your doctor may ask, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When do you first remember having problems focusing, paying attention or sitting still?<\/li>\n<li>Have your symptoms been continuous or occasional?<\/li>\n<li>Which symptoms bother you most, and what problems do they seem to cause?<\/li>\n<li>How severe are your symptoms?<\/li>\n<li>In what settings have you noticed the symptoms: at home, at work or in other situations?<\/li>\n<li>What was your childhood like? Did you have social problems or trouble in school?<\/li>\n<li>How is your current and past academic and work performance?<\/li>\n<li>What are your sleep hours and patterns?<\/li>\n<li>What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms?<\/li>\n<li>What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms?<\/li>\n<li>What medications do you take?<\/li>\n<li>Do you consume caffeine?<\/li>\n<li>Do you drink alcohol or use recreational drugs?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Your doctor or mental health professional will ask additional questions based on your responses, symptoms and needs. Preparing and anticipating questions will help you make the most of your time with the doctor.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This mental health disorder includes a combination of persistent problems, such as difficulty paying attention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","tags":[1685,1682],"class_list":["post-51333","mayo","type-mayo","status-publish","hentry","tag-condition","tag-person-group-concept","content_type-diseases-conditions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Hancock Health<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hancockhealth.org\/ja\/mayo-health-library\/adult-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ja_JP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - 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